Sustainable tourism development strategy in Morocco
21The notion of "sustainable development" was officially introduced in 1987 in the Brundtland report for the United Nations, which defines that to be sustainable, development must "meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, "one of the most famous definitions published in 1987 in the report of the UN Commission on Environment and Development, commonly called" Brundtland Report ".
22The pursuit of sustainability is placed at the crossroads of three concerns, economic, social and environmental: the pursuit of economic development without which nothing is possible, the search for greater social justice, finally, concern protection and renewal of non indefinitely expandable natural resources ... The twentieth century was therefore closed with a global awareness that environmental and social are major themes of development strategies. The concept of sustainable development applied to tourism. Thus, the various branches of international tourism are mobilizing to respect the principles of sustainable development, and introduce the concepts of management and environmental and social audits, implement codes of practice, work on quality labels that influence the choice of destinations, promote sustainable tourism ...
23The sustainable tourism as "any form of development, planning or tourist activity that long-term respects and preserves the natural, cultural and social resources and contributes in a positive and equitable economic development and growth of individuals living, working or staying in these areas. " This definition of the World Tourism Organization, published on its website, containing the main principles of the Rio Declaration of 1992 on sustainable development, adapting to the tourism sector. The concept of sustainable tourism incentive to put people and the environment at the center of any discussion of tourism development strategies. Adopt sustainable tourism, it is also and first of all assert the political will to control its development by responding to the different needs of players who live in the territory concerned.
24The Morocco can likely benefit from tourism development not only economical but durable. The awareness of this fact is a prerequisite. However, one of the questions that commonly arise is how to find answers to the development of sustainable tourism.
25Cela presupposes that the notions of development and progress not only be evaluated in economic and business logic; they deserve to be redefined by relativizing traditional quantitative indicators of the tourism economy. It could possibly introduce elements such as the number of visitors, the spending multiplier, jobs created, foreign exchange earnings, profitability ... trying to take into account all costs (environmental, cultural and social) of tourism in the long term, the distribution of wealth induced, the quality of life of the people concerned ... a set of goals that tourism has not always used to confront.
26A Another key condition to meet the challenge of development in Morocco is the involvement of the majority of actors, surely conflicting interests in the development of feasible strategies for sustainable tourism development. Work with the diversity of actors is to recognize that there are different logics. Taking into account the territorial logic one hand, on the other hand entrepreneurial logic, is also fundamental. The process is certainly long, because it requires a lot of work to mobilize and animation of the players taken in their diversity.
27The tourism, generating jobs and foreign exchange sector could also provide an opportunity for Morocco to acquire a key resource for development and the fight against poverty. Yet tourism stakeholders in Morocco still seem somewhat mobilized on concrete projects for sustainable tourism. Indeed, economic sustainability prevails again. It is true that a number of officials and tourism stakeholders strive to offer products more respectful of man and his environment. However, the gap between rhetoric and reality is enormous; the bridge is of fundamental importance.
28The tourism, national priority in Morocco, can not become a "winning strategy" if the "Sustainable Tourism" option is chosen and pursued largely by all. Any strategy that manages investments, professions and promotion should be based on sustainable systems approach adapted to the realities. The pricing and the introduction of a quality label should lead to the best quality / price ratio. For all branches of tourism, regular monitoring, supervision and control must quickly put in place.
29We believe it is necessary first of all that "environmental and social" are among the foundations of all tourism products "Morocco". There is an urgent need for a true reflection on the products to introduce into the "traditional" products seaside and "cultural" key "emotions" and "authenticity" they lack very often. Looking for a real balance between supply and demand is essential. You have to know that tourists now want to turn to new forms of tourism more interactive and authentic.
30The Morocco has varied tourist attractions related to the diversity of its climate, its landscape, its soil, its cultures ... We note that despite this diversity of possibilities, the distribution is uneven; the concentration of attendance induces a concentration of impacts on territories which it is important to appreciate the fragility; economic structure is not sufficiently diversified to absorb the crises ...
31Aujourd'hui, there is a significant gap between strong demand emanating both foreign tourists and domestic urban populations that Moroccans living abroad and in return, offer unorganized. It is therefore to develop and structure the offer so that it meets the expectations, which requires to associate with the national will, already established in the contract program 2010, all local initiatives which are certainly numerous, but that are not well developed. The evaluation of the positive effects of existing in tourism but also the prediction and anticipation of adverse effects and their management are needed. The role of each participant, whether public, private, local authority, association, university ... must be clearly identified and synergies should be defined carefully and quickly. We also believe that the channels of education should create and strengthen training related to sustainable tourism businesses.
32Au Morocco and at tourist sitting fourth held in Casablanca in February 2004, it was planned to open more rural tourism. Before doing so, it is essential to be concerned with the carrying capacity of the environment, the establishment of a zoning regulations for land use, to provide advocacy, regulation and supervision, to accept the eventual decision to direct visitors to other areas or interests if the characteristics of a space require too large investments in relation to potential benefits of tourism ...
33Au in professional organizations, it is necessary to consider the establishment of "special funds" to guarantee the sustainability of products and creating the means of protection and preservation of sites and natural and cultural heritage and this in immediately. Special funding formulas for creating works and specific accommodations will also be implemented.
34A of the questions raised - especially by professionals - is that of profitability. The calculation of profitability of all economic activity can not be done only in monetary and financial terms. Inevitably, it takes into consideration all gains and long-term costs (reduced costs for energy efficiency, for example) and thus affects the whole of society (impacts on other economic sectors, the quality of life of residents ...). Sustainable tourism could probably be above the guarantee of sustainable profitability, reproduction of the activity itself, because it could help preserve the attractiveness and thus the success of a destination.
35Dès then, the application of sustainable tourism criteria likely be an opportunity to retain a greater proportion of revenues. These could be reinvested in tourism and the protection of sites and improving them for future generations, facilitating the creation of small businesses and jobs. Sustainable tourism can also be a lever for the dissemination of technical, crafts, development of the water supply and water treatment network, communications, agriculture and public health and education services . In addition, there is an opportunity to promote a participatory process of the community in its own human development and collective consciousness of respect.
36Quand addressing the issue of sustainable development and, as relevant here, sustainable tourism, one element is essential: innovation. For all tourism stakeholders and address the new configuration of global tourism demand, innovation is indeed seen as a driving force for the development of sustainable tourism. That is to innovate, while controlling the development of new services by exploiting new markets, ensuring the maintenance of the product offered, respect for the environment and populations ... the principles of sustainable tourism development.
37 "In the coming decade, the tourism world will change more than in recent decades. "This quote borrowed from Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates, perfectly reflects the magnitude of the changes that lie ahead in the tourism sector. Innovation is the single most important driver of competitiveness, growth and long-term employment.
38En Indeed, in an environment increasingly difficult, the actors of the tourism sector in Morocco and elsewhere, are forced to constantly innovate. Returns to innovate with new ideas, new methods, new products, to help the tourism sector to better withstand various economic crises, political, socio-cultural ... New mechanisms for promoting innovation and cooperation in tourism should be based on a clearly defined strategy and guided by suitable guidelines to ensure that they promote a competitive market that allows free play forces, in compliance with the principles of sustainable tourism development.
39Ainsi, analysis and understanding of the tourism innovation process are more urgent than ever. In Morocco, for several professional and responsible, innovation is limited to new communication technologies and the opening of a website, while innovation is all business functions: including the overall design of product management, financial engineering, marketing, entertainment, staff management ... In short, intangible innovations in the organization and staff participate largely to changes in supply ... "Innovation represents a process and not an 'effect' direct and immediate a new deal on the economic and social fabric of a given environment. "(Alter, 2002)
40L'innovation, a key factor in economic and social development, has become an essential tool of development strategies, growth and job creation. To succeed this process in the tourism sector, it is obviously necessary to take into account new data from globalization, new requirements of sustainable tourism development, the new tourist behavior that determine the new consumption patterns with respect to which the tourism offer must adapt. But also the contribution of new information technology and communication (ICT).
22The pursuit of sustainability is placed at the crossroads of three concerns, economic, social and environmental: the pursuit of economic development without which nothing is possible, the search for greater social justice, finally, concern protection and renewal of non indefinitely expandable natural resources ... The twentieth century was therefore closed with a global awareness that environmental and social are major themes of development strategies. The concept of sustainable development applied to tourism. Thus, the various branches of international tourism are mobilizing to respect the principles of sustainable development, and introduce the concepts of management and environmental and social audits, implement codes of practice, work on quality labels that influence the choice of destinations, promote sustainable tourism ...
23The sustainable tourism as "any form of development, planning or tourist activity that long-term respects and preserves the natural, cultural and social resources and contributes in a positive and equitable economic development and growth of individuals living, working or staying in these areas. " This definition of the World Tourism Organization, published on its website, containing the main principles of the Rio Declaration of 1992 on sustainable development, adapting to the tourism sector. The concept of sustainable tourism incentive to put people and the environment at the center of any discussion of tourism development strategies. Adopt sustainable tourism, it is also and first of all assert the political will to control its development by responding to the different needs of players who live in the territory concerned.
24The Morocco can likely benefit from tourism development not only economical but durable. The awareness of this fact is a prerequisite. However, one of the questions that commonly arise is how to find answers to the development of sustainable tourism.
25Cela presupposes that the notions of development and progress not only be evaluated in economic and business logic; they deserve to be redefined by relativizing traditional quantitative indicators of the tourism economy. It could possibly introduce elements such as the number of visitors, the spending multiplier, jobs created, foreign exchange earnings, profitability ... trying to take into account all costs (environmental, cultural and social) of tourism in the long term, the distribution of wealth induced, the quality of life of the people concerned ... a set of goals that tourism has not always used to confront.
26A Another key condition to meet the challenge of development in Morocco is the involvement of the majority of actors, surely conflicting interests in the development of feasible strategies for sustainable tourism development. Work with the diversity of actors is to recognize that there are different logics. Taking into account the territorial logic one hand, on the other hand entrepreneurial logic, is also fundamental. The process is certainly long, because it requires a lot of work to mobilize and animation of the players taken in their diversity.
27The tourism, generating jobs and foreign exchange sector could also provide an opportunity for Morocco to acquire a key resource for development and the fight against poverty. Yet tourism stakeholders in Morocco still seem somewhat mobilized on concrete projects for sustainable tourism. Indeed, economic sustainability prevails again. It is true that a number of officials and tourism stakeholders strive to offer products more respectful of man and his environment. However, the gap between rhetoric and reality is enormous; the bridge is of fundamental importance.
28The tourism, national priority in Morocco, can not become a "winning strategy" if the "Sustainable Tourism" option is chosen and pursued largely by all. Any strategy that manages investments, professions and promotion should be based on sustainable systems approach adapted to the realities. The pricing and the introduction of a quality label should lead to the best quality / price ratio. For all branches of tourism, regular monitoring, supervision and control must quickly put in place.
29We believe it is necessary first of all that "environmental and social" are among the foundations of all tourism products "Morocco". There is an urgent need for a true reflection on the products to introduce into the "traditional" products seaside and "cultural" key "emotions" and "authenticity" they lack very often. Looking for a real balance between supply and demand is essential. You have to know that tourists now want to turn to new forms of tourism more interactive and authentic.
30The Morocco has varied tourist attractions related to the diversity of its climate, its landscape, its soil, its cultures ... We note that despite this diversity of possibilities, the distribution is uneven; the concentration of attendance induces a concentration of impacts on territories which it is important to appreciate the fragility; economic structure is not sufficiently diversified to absorb the crises ...
31Aujourd'hui, there is a significant gap between strong demand emanating both foreign tourists and domestic urban populations that Moroccans living abroad and in return, offer unorganized. It is therefore to develop and structure the offer so that it meets the expectations, which requires to associate with the national will, already established in the contract program 2010, all local initiatives which are certainly numerous, but that are not well developed. The evaluation of the positive effects of existing in tourism but also the prediction and anticipation of adverse effects and their management are needed. The role of each participant, whether public, private, local authority, association, university ... must be clearly identified and synergies should be defined carefully and quickly. We also believe that the channels of education should create and strengthen training related to sustainable tourism businesses.
32Au Morocco and at tourist sitting fourth held in Casablanca in February 2004, it was planned to open more rural tourism. Before doing so, it is essential to be concerned with the carrying capacity of the environment, the establishment of a zoning regulations for land use, to provide advocacy, regulation and supervision, to accept the eventual decision to direct visitors to other areas or interests if the characteristics of a space require too large investments in relation to potential benefits of tourism ...
33Au in professional organizations, it is necessary to consider the establishment of "special funds" to guarantee the sustainability of products and creating the means of protection and preservation of sites and natural and cultural heritage and this in immediately. Special funding formulas for creating works and specific accommodations will also be implemented.
34A of the questions raised - especially by professionals - is that of profitability. The calculation of profitability of all economic activity can not be done only in monetary and financial terms. Inevitably, it takes into consideration all gains and long-term costs (reduced costs for energy efficiency, for example) and thus affects the whole of society (impacts on other economic sectors, the quality of life of residents ...). Sustainable tourism could probably be above the guarantee of sustainable profitability, reproduction of the activity itself, because it could help preserve the attractiveness and thus the success of a destination.
35Dès then, the application of sustainable tourism criteria likely be an opportunity to retain a greater proportion of revenues. These could be reinvested in tourism and the protection of sites and improving them for future generations, facilitating the creation of small businesses and jobs. Sustainable tourism can also be a lever for the dissemination of technical, crafts, development of the water supply and water treatment network, communications, agriculture and public health and education services . In addition, there is an opportunity to promote a participatory process of the community in its own human development and collective consciousness of respect.
36Quand addressing the issue of sustainable development and, as relevant here, sustainable tourism, one element is essential: innovation. For all tourism stakeholders and address the new configuration of global tourism demand, innovation is indeed seen as a driving force for the development of sustainable tourism. That is to innovate, while controlling the development of new services by exploiting new markets, ensuring the maintenance of the product offered, respect for the environment and populations ... the principles of sustainable tourism development.
37 "In the coming decade, the tourism world will change more than in recent decades. "This quote borrowed from Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates, perfectly reflects the magnitude of the changes that lie ahead in the tourism sector. Innovation is the single most important driver of competitiveness, growth and long-term employment.
38En Indeed, in an environment increasingly difficult, the actors of the tourism sector in Morocco and elsewhere, are forced to constantly innovate. Returns to innovate with new ideas, new methods, new products, to help the tourism sector to better withstand various economic crises, political, socio-cultural ... New mechanisms for promoting innovation and cooperation in tourism should be based on a clearly defined strategy and guided by suitable guidelines to ensure that they promote a competitive market that allows free play forces, in compliance with the principles of sustainable tourism development.
39Ainsi, analysis and understanding of the tourism innovation process are more urgent than ever. In Morocco, for several professional and responsible, innovation is limited to new communication technologies and the opening of a website, while innovation is all business functions: including the overall design of product management, financial engineering, marketing, entertainment, staff management ... In short, intangible innovations in the organization and staff participate largely to changes in supply ... "Innovation represents a process and not an 'effect' direct and immediate a new deal on the economic and social fabric of a given environment. "(Alter, 2002)
40L'innovation, a key factor in economic and social development, has become an essential tool of development strategies, growth and job creation. To succeed this process in the tourism sector, it is obviously necessary to take into account new data from globalization, new requirements of sustainable tourism development, the new tourist behavior that determine the new consumption patterns with respect to which the tourism offer must adapt. But also the contribution of new information technology and communication (ICT).
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